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Now showing 1 - 5 of 11

Recent Submissions

Level of comprehensive knowledge about HIV & AIDS among university students in Malawi
(Elsevier, 2026) Tenthani, Wezzie Munthali; Kapute, Fanuel; Msiska, Ulemu; Benard, Shaibu
Malawi continues to face a substantial HIV burden. However, little empirical evidence from a multi-institutional, nationally representative point of view exists on the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among university students, a population that is vulnerable and central to national HIV prevention goals. This study addressed the gap by assessing the levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge and associated factors among full-time undergraduate students across six public and private universities in Malawi. A cross-sectional survey involving 526 students was conducted using stratified random sampling and a self-administered questionnaire, with data analysed through descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and t-tests. Findings showed that students possessed a generally high level of HIV/AIDS knowledge (82.3 %), with significant differences observed by sex, programme of study, and year of study. Knowledge of behavioural prevention measures was strong, yet notable gaps remained, particularly regarding biomedical prevention methods such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and misconceptions about sterilised needle sharing and non-sexual transmission. These findings indicate that while progress has been made in HIV awareness, important knowledge deficits persist, especially in emerging HIV science. The study contributes new evidence that can inform the design of structured, standardised, and integrated HIV education within higher-learning institutions. Strengthening HIV knowledge among university students is essential for reducing vulnerability to new infections and directly contributes to national and global targets, including SDG 3.3 on ending AIDS by 2030 and Agenda 2063 aspirations for healthy and well-nourished citizens.
Factors Affecting Public Sector Investment in the Livestock Industry in Malawi.
(International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology, 2023-07-26) Ng'ambi, George; Tembo, Mavuto; Kamtukule, Vera; Benard, Shaibu; Kalinga, Milcah
The dominant narrative is that public financing and investment in the public sector depend on the political leadership of the government executive because of the incentives gained in public finance management. The executive arm of the government includes elected political leaders and technocrats. Using the case of the agricultural sector, this paper examines the role of technocrats and elected leadership in investment choices. This paper uses, in support of quantitative findings, qualitative evidence from a case study designed in the Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development in Malawi. The variables were used to analyze the quantitative data, and content analysis was used for qualitative data. The finding reveals that seniority, authority, political affiliation, and technical expertise of civil servant leadership significantly influence public investment choices in the livestock sector in Malawi. Both elected political executives and technocrats had self-interests in delivering goods with swift and visible returns. The study concludes that Malawi's public sector investment arena is a ‘war zone’ with various actors vying for dominance. The paper recommends a critical review of the reforms in the livestock sector to bring the investment culture on course in Malawi. More studies are needed to resolve issues around privatization models of services in the livestock sector and the role of government and transactional actors.
Public Finance Management: Dynamics of Public-Servant–Political Leadership in the Livestock Sector in Malawi.
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2023-10-06) Ng'ambi, George; Tembo, Mavuto; Kamtukule, Vera; Shaibu, Benard
Livestock sector development is vital in the agricultural sector and contributes significantly to the economy. The industry is funded by the public budget, which is a fertile ground for the political economy of the government. This paper examined power dynamics between elected political leaders and public servant leadership in managing public finances. The study used cross-sectional descriptive and exploratory research design with a sample size of 95 respondents to achieve the research objectives. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-Square test and analysis of variance) in SPSS version 20. The results showed that public servants have more authority and control over public finance management. Power in public finance management does not reside in one stakeholder but is volatile. Collaboration between public servant-political existed to achieve set objectives by political and public servant leaders and compliance with the public finance framework. The findings of this study are inferred to some extent from other public sectors in Malawi.
Determinants of Effective Public Finance Management in the Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Malawi
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2023-10-06) Ng'ambi, George
Every public sector in Malawi is subject to the Public Finance Management Framework. Livestock farming not only provides food security and nutrition but also offers income-generating opportunities for rural communities. However, the successful implementation of livestock development policies and programs heavily relies on how resources are allocated, economic dynamics, and public finance management. This paper identifies factors that significantly predict public financial management and financial problems in the Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Malawi. The research design was cross-sectional descriptive and exploratory research with a sample size of 107 respondents. Cronbach’s alpha technique was used to test the reliability of the instrument. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-Square test and regression) in SPSS version 20. The significant determinant factors of public finance management were budget, controlling officers, and use of IFMIS in the Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development. The significant problems associated with public finance management in the Department were funds misallocation, mismanagement of funds, corruption, weak policy framework, weak institutional capacity, limited finance allocation, and inadequate infrastructure. The paper recommends that more attention be paid to the budgeting process, controlling officers, and IFMIS to improve the effectiveness of public finance management.
The role of indigenous knowledge in disaster risk reductin and climate change adaptatin in Chikwawa, Malawi
(AOSIS publishing, 2024-11-14) Mwalwimba, Isaac K.; Manda, Mtafu; Ngongondo, Cosmo
The role of indigenous knowledge in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation cannot be underestimated. It acts as a preparedness and response tool to climate change-related impacts such as flods, droughts and strong winds. However, inadequate studies about indigenous knowledge in Malawi is a major challenge when dealing with extreme climatic conditions. Learning from indigenous knowledge systems, by investigating fist what local communities know and have, can improve the understanding of local conditions and can provide a productive context for activities designed to help communities reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts. This paper assessed the role of indigenous knowledge systems in DRR and climate change variability and adaptation strategies in Chikwawa district. The study used a participatory research approach involving interactive research methods such as focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and participant observations. Data from key informants and FGDs were analysed thematically. The study revealed various indigenous knowledge which communities in the Chikwawa district use to respond to climate-related impacts such as flods. Some of these include hippopotamus relocating from the river to the village, extreme hissing of pythons in nearby forests, buffaloes and zebras wreaking havoc in the villages and crocodiles flcking to the village