Awareness, perceptions and adoption factors of point-of-use water treatment in high density areas of Mzuzu city

Abstract

This study assessed awareness, perceptions and adoption factors of point-of-use water treatment in high density areas of Mzuzu City, Malawi, Africa, focusing on Mzilawayingwe, Chiputula, Zolozolo West, Luwinga, and Lupaso wards. The study aimed to comprehend the factors impeding POU water treatment adoption in high-density areas. A mixed methods approach was utilized, combining quantitative and qualitative data obtained through household surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). The researcher administered a survey to 322 households, organized 5 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) [one in each ward], and held 5 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). The findings revealed high awareness and positive receptiveness to POU water treatment in high-density areas. Socio-economic factors such as location, education, income, and assets significantly influenced awareness. Preferences for treatment methods were shaped by community dynamics, household assets, and health centre proximity. Adoption factors included self-efficacy, cues for action, and action efficacy, addressing barriers such as the perception of tap water cleanliness among higher income levels. The study concluded that POU water treatment had the potential to enhance the quality of life in high-density areas if barriers were addressed and benefits were communicated effectively. The complex interplay of socio economic factors, community dynamics, and individual beliefs highlighted the need for targeted interventions. The recommendations called for further research in diverse urban settings, inclusive advocacy strategies by public health practitioners, and the development of affordable, a