Traditional use, value and conservation of Pupwe(Zanthoxylum Chalybeum) in Chitipa District.

Abstract

Pupwe (Zanthoxylum chalybeum) is an indigenous tree with significant nutritional, medicinal, and economic potential. However, limited awareness and research in Malawi hinder its full utilization. Recognizing its potential to improve rural livelihoods, health outcomes, and economic resilience, this study was undertaken to address these gaps and support the sustainable use of Pupwe. Specifically, the objectives of the study were: (i) to assess the traditional use of Pupwe in Chitipa District, (ii) to evaluate value addition opportunities and market development innovations, and (iii) to examine conservation practices. Research was conducted in Traditional Authorities (TAs) Mwabulambya and Nthalire in Chitipa District, Northern Malawi. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. A total of 306 respondents were surveyed for quantitative data, while qualitative insights were gathered through eight focus group discussions and 12 key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were transcribed and thematically analyzed using NVivo. Findings indicate that Pupwe’s most common traditional uses include culinary (54.7%) and medicinal (42.1%), with ritual use being least common (3.2%). The main valueadded products identified were Pupwe culinary leaf powder (66.7%) and herbal rootbark powder (25.9%). However, only 5% of respondents are engaged in commercial activities. Value addition opportunities exist through improved processing technologies and innovations, notably processing machines (19.6%), product diversification (15.2%), and marketing strategies (13.1%), which can enhance profitability and market development. Despite its value, 77.1% of respondents reported a lack of communityled conservation initiatives. The study concludes that Pupwe is a multipurpose indigenous plant with significant potential for improving health, food security, and household income in rural Malawi. It recommends strengthening value addition technologies, supporting market development strategies and promoting community-led conservation initiatives to ensure sustainable utilization. his study is the first to comprehensively document Pupwe’s traditional uses, value addition, and conservation in Malawi, filling a critical gap in literature.