Diversity and potential of finger millet (Eleusine coracana): Utilization for sustainable livelihood in Rumphi District.

Abstract

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), an underutilised orphan crop, has significant potential to enhance sustainable food and nutrition security in Malawi due to its resilience to harsh climates and high nutritional value. However, its cultivation and consumption remain limited. This study assessed the diversity and potential of finger millet utilisation for sustainable livelihoods. Specifically, the study aimed to (i) analyse farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of finger millet and millet products, (ii) investigate farmers’ adoption of agricultural innovations in finger millet cultivation, and (iii) assess the level of finger millet consumption among vulnerable groups. The study was conducted in Nchenachena and Bolero EPAs using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected from 354 respondents and analysed using SPSS to generate descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression analysis and one-way ANOVA. In contrast, qualitative data from four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and four Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were analysed using NVivo. Results revealed a diversity of knowledge, with only 2.8% of farmers felt very knowledgeable about finger millet, although knowledge increased significantly with farming experience (p = 0.005). Farmers expressed positive perceptions and a strong willingness to promote its cultivation (mean = 4.03). Despite 63% being aware of agricultural innovations, adoption remained low (7.1%), influenced mainly by farm size (p = 0.016) and access to information (p = 0.001). Innovations, such as ridge cultivation and improved varieties, have the potential to increase yields (β = .198, p = .027). Consumption among vulnerable groups was minimal (1.4%), with most households consuming finger millet weekly (41.4%), mainly as beverages like Thobwa (34.6%). Key constraints included the high cost of finger millet (30%) and limited market availability. The study concludes that despite its recognized potential, finger millet adoption and consumption are hindered by significant knowledge gaps, low adoption of key innovations, and economic barriers. Therefore, to directly address these constraints, the study recommends targeted interventions, including practical farmer training, improved access to seed systems, and the development of affordable, value-added products to enhance the crop's contribution to sustainable livelihoods and nutrition security in Malawi.