Abstract:
This study assessed awareness, perceptions and adoption factors of point-of-use water treatment
in high density areas of Mzuzu City, Malawi, Africa, focusing on Mzilawayingwe, Chiputula,
Zolozolo West, Luwinga, and Lupaso wards. The study aimed to comprehend the factors
impeding POU water treatment adoption in high-density areas.
A mixed methods approach was utilized, combining quantitative and qualitative data obtained
through household surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews
(KIIs). The researcher administered a survey to 322 households, organized 5 Focus Group
Discussions (FGDs) [one in each ward], and held 5 Key Informant Interviews (KIIs).
The findings revealed high awareness and positive receptiveness to POU water treatment in
high-density areas. Socio-economic factors such as location, education, income, and assets
significantly influenced awareness. Preferences for treatment methods were shaped by
community dynamics, household assets, and health centre proximity. Adoption factors included
self-efficacy, cues for action, and action efficacy, addressing barriers such as the perception of
tap water cleanliness among higher income levels. The study concluded that POU water
treatment had the potential to enhance the quality of life in high-density areas if barriers were
addressed and benefits were communicated effectively. The complex interplay of socio
economic factors, community dynamics, and individual beliefs highlighted the need for targeted
interventions. The recommendations called for further research in diverse urban settings,
inclusive advocacy strategies by public health practitioners, and the development of affordable,
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