Investigating the use of audio-visual aids in the teaching and learning of history: a case of selected secondary schools in Karonga

Abstract

There is a lot of literature on the use of audio-visual (AV) aids in the teaching and learning of History in many countries. However, there is limited information on how History teachers use AV aids in Malawi. This study investigated the use of AV aids in the teaching and learning of History from selected Secondary Schools in Karonga. It explored the types of AV aids used, how they are being used, effects of AV aids, and the challenges teachers face in the use of AV aids. A total of 30 participants comprising 24 form three History students and 6 form three history teachers were interviewed. In terms of methodology, a qualitative approach, constructivist paradigm, and case study research design were used. Convenience, purposive, and simple random techniques helped in choosing the sample while document analysis, lesson observations, focus group discussions, and interviews were used as data collection methods. Data was analyzed qualitatively where themes were generated based on research objectives. The study found that both AV aids like computers, projectors, TVs, radio and other materials like textbooks, charts are used in History classroom. These aids are used to search for information on the internet, conduct discussions/debates, and acquisition of skills, among others. While AV materials are critical in improving students’ understanding of Historical concepts and lessons, performance, motivation, and most importantly, in preparing them for life after school in the technology age, the inadequate use of these materials in secondary schools since they are costly, and teacher’s lack of expertise deny the students an important skill. The study recommends to government and schools to make AV aids abundantly available in schools, organize in service-trainings for teachers to ably use these materials, integrate digital elements in the Malawi History curriculum, and provide internet connection.